The first time most people learning Japanese learn this phrase is when they are learning to introduce themselves. In this circumstance it is loosely translated as 'Please take care of me' or 'I look forward to working with you'.
私はケーティです。よろしくお願いします。
My name is Katie. Please take care of me.
There are however other times when it can be used for example the phrase can be used to encourage other people. In this case it's translation would be closer to 'Please try your best' or 'Let's do our best'.
じゃ、始めましょう。よろしくお願いします。
Well then, let's start. Please try your best.
There is also another set phrase containing Yoroshiku Onegaishimasu. This one is said to people when you see them for the first time after the new year has begun. 今年もよろしくお願いします。(kotoshi mo yoroshiku onegaishimasu) which can be translated into 'Please look after me as well this year.'
There are other examples of useful set phrases in Japanese. In Japan it is polite to say いただきます(itadakimasu) before a mean and ごちそうさまでした (gochisousamadeshita) when finished eating. The direct translations of these are 'I recieve' in keigo form and 'It was quite a feast'. These phrases are applicable but there is really no English equivalent and they will often be translated into 'Bon Appetite' and 'Thank you for the meal' as they are the closest possible phrases.
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